How Many Americans Live in Brazil
Brazil's federal police registry, not its census, is the best count of resident Americans: the last census to separate them out was taken in 1991. The registry counts whoever registers, which is its strength and its limit.
Brazil's published record counts 36,427 residents holding US citizenship (PF Sismigra · May 2026). Brazil publishes no count of US-born residents, so that second measure is not shown here.
The American Emigration Revue counts US citizensPeople holding United States citizenship, as counted by Brazil's own official records. A separate population from US-born residents; the two are never added. Definitions ›, US-born residentsPeople born in the United States living in Brazil, whatever citizenship they hold today. A separate population from US citizens; the two are never added. Definitions ›, naturalizations and long-term permits from official government sources, with every figure cited. This page sets out what Brazil publishes, what it does not, and how far the published record can be trusted.
Why Brazil's Records, Not Washington's
The ContextThe context every page needs: who counts Americans abroad, and who doesn't.
The United States publishes no count of its own citizens abroad. Its best federal figure, 3.3 million Americans worldwide, is a statistical model built to size the overseas electorate, and the same model said 4.4 million two years earlier. The Census Bureau decided in 1976 to exclude private Americans abroad from the decennial enumeration (overseas federal employees and military are still counted). What Washington publishes instead is fragments: Social Security checks mailed to foreign addresses, tax returns claiming foreign income, quarterly lists of people who gave up their citizenship. See what each federal source actually counts ›
So this project counts from the receiving side. Every figure on this page comes from records Brazil itself publishes, read under the same rules applied to every country in the project. Where Brazil publishes, it is counted and cited. Where it does not, the gap is shown rather than filled: no estimates, no models. How openly each country reports ›
How Brazil Counts Americans
The One CountOne "US presence," one official count. The other measures on this page answer different questions.
What the Research Found
The FindingsFindings from the Brazil research, drawn from the official record.
- U.S. citizens in Brazil are well documented in administrative registries. PF Sismigra provides a current (May 2026), public, disaggregated count of active registrations by state and visa type: 36,427 U.S. citizens (30,822 residents, 5,522 temporary, 83 provisional).
- OBMigra is the most valuable source for annual inflows and naturalizations. Annual residence permit data from 2014 to 2026 shows U.S. citizen inflows peaking in 2014 (4,543) and averaging roughly 3,200 to 3,500 in recent years.
- The U.S.-born population cannot be reliably counted from current census data. The 2022 Census does not publish country-of-birth detail for U.S. nationals; the 1991 Census remains the last usable source (11,360 U.S.-born). A custom IBGE tabulation would be required.
- Naturalization data is available and recent. OBMigra reports 59 U.S. naturalizations in 2025, 44 in 2024, and 13 through May 2026.
- Work permit data stops in 2019; no public data exists for 2020 to 2026. A records request to the Ministry of Labour (MTE) or OBMigra may be necessary.
- São Paulo concentrates about 37% of registered U.S. citizens (13,360), followed by Rio de Janeiro (6,731) and Minas Gerais (2,106).
The Figures as Data
The EvidenceMachine-readable copy of the figures on this page, each with the year its source published it. Free to download and reuse with attribution.
| Figure | Value | Vintage | Publisher |
|---|---|---|---|
| US citizens | 36,427 | PF Sismigra · May 2026 | PF Sismigra |
| US-citizen arrivals (2024) | 3,486 | 2024 | — |
| US-citizen arrivals | 3,269 | — | — |
| Naturalizations of US citizens (2024) | 44 | 2024 | — |
| Naturalizations of US citizens | 59 | — | — |
Vintage is the year the publishing authority reported the figure. A dash means the year or publisher is not yet recorded in our dataset for that figure; the Sources and Datasets section below names every publisher behind this page. The free CSV covers the years shown to readers without an account.
Pathways, Status & Geography
How Americans get here, what permits they hold, and where they settle within the country.
Source: Polícia Federal Sismigra via dados.gov.br · Active US-citizen registrations (PF Sismigra) · May 2026. Active registrations on Sismigra rolls — an administrative count of valid registrations, not a population census. All federal entities reconcile exactly to the 36,427 national total.
Brazil's annual residence-permit issuance breaks into 4 reason categories that mirror Eurostat's first-permit framework. Religious mission (the Mormon-missionary pipeline) is the dominant US permit category every year, running at 1,300-1,600 a year across the 12-year record in non-COVID years. Religious mission averages 39% of all annual US residence permits. Category frameworks are country-specific and not comparable across countries.
How Far to Trust These Figures
The Publishing RecordWhat Brazil publishes, how often it publishes, and the sources behind every number on this page.
- Inflows
- Permits
- US-Born
- Citizens
- Naturalizations
The gaps: Published as a regular series: annual arrivals. Published only partially or as one-off estimates: resident US citizens, US-born residents, naturalizations. Not published: residence or work permits. Those gaps set the grade; they do not make the published figures wrong. What the partial figures can support: US-Born, Citizens, Naturalizations come as a one-off figure rather than a yearly series: good for a snapshot of today, not for reading a trend.
This page uses 36,427 as the headline US-citizen proxy, because PF Sismigra is both the more recent source and the operational system of record, with the standing caveat that a registration count is not a population count. The OBMigra figure of 36,218 is flagged on this page as independent cross-validation.
Every figure on this page comes from one of the publishers below. Links go to the authority and, where stable, straight to the dataset.
Frequently Asked Questions
Quick AnswersEvery answer is drawn from the official record, from the same sources cited across this page.
How many Americans live in Brazil?
How many Americans move to Brazil each year?
How many Americans become citizens of Brazil?
Does Brazil recognize dual citizenship with the United States?
Where do the figures for Americans in Brazil come from?
News stories our newsroom has published about this country.
The full series, every year, every country
The public view shows a limited year window for each series. Researchers and journalists can request access to the complete annual record for every country in the project.